Chapter 10: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
Chapter learning goals: Understand the core concepts, explain key processes, interpret diagrams and apply the ideas to board-style questions.
Read each concept, mark definitions and formulae, practise the worked examples, then attempt the revision questions without looking at the answers.
1. Structure of the human eye
The cornea provides most refraction; aqueous humour and lens further refract light. The iris controls pupil size; pupil regulates light entering. The eye lens is a transparent convex lens whose curvature is adjusted by ciliary muscles. Retina contains light-sensitive cells; optic nerve carries signals to brain. The image on retina is real, inverted and generally diminished.
2. Accommodation
Accommodation is the ability of the eye lens to change focal length to focus near and distant objects on retina. Ciliary muscles make the lens thicker/more convex for near objects and thinner/less convex for distant objects. For a normal young adult, near point is about 25 cm and far point is infinity; these values vary with age and individual.
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