TEACHGYAN.COM · CLASS 10 SCIENCE
Chapter 11: Electricity
Learning outcomes: Build a clear understanding of the chapter, apply key principles to real situations and prepare for competency-based questions.
Read the concepts, make a one-page summary, practise diagrams or calculations, and then attempt the questions at the end without looking at the notes.
1. Electric current and charge
Electric current is the rate of flow of charge: I = Q/t. Its SI unit is ampere (A), and charge is measured in coulombs (C). Conventional current is taken in the direction of positive charge flow; in a metal, electrons drift in the opposite direction. An ammeter is connected in series and has very low resistance.
2. Potential difference and circuit
Potential difference is work done per unit charge: V = W/Q; unit volt (V). A voltmeter is connected in parallel and has very high resistance. A cell or battery supplies energy to charges. A complete conducting path is needed for current; an open switch breaks the path.
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