Part/unit weightage: 20 marks where the official CBSE structure groups this unit under the indicated section. Theory is 80 marks and project work is 20 marks. citeturn0search11

1. What You Need to Learn

Concept and importance; elements of directing; supervision; motivation; leadership; communication; financial and non-financial incentives; leadership styles; communication barriers.

2. Core Concepts

Directing initiates action and includes supervision, motivation, leadership and communication. Motivation can be financial or non-financial. Leadership styles include authoritative/autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire approaches.

3. Common Mistakes

Read the case carefully to distinguish motivation from leadership and supervision. Communication barriers can be organisational, semantic, psychological or personal.

4. Case-Based & Exam Practice

1. Identify an appropriate incentive for a situation.
2. Determine the leadership style from a case.
3. Identify a communication barrier and suggest a remedy..

5. Quick Revision Checklist

• Can you define the key terms in NCERT language?
• Can you identify the concept from a business case?
• Can you explain the reason, feature, advantage or limitation?
• Can you apply the concept to a new situation?

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