TEACHGYAN • CLASS 10 SCIENCE • NCERT 2026–27
Chapter 6: Control and Coordination
Detailed Notes • Diagrams • Experiments • Competency • Board Practice
📖 Chapter Explanation
Living organisms continuously receive information and respond to changes. This chapter explains coordination through the nervous system, reflex actions, plant movements and hormones. The key idea is that receptors detect a stimulus, information is processed and an appropriate response is produced.
🧭 Concept Map
🔬 Core Science
A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response. In a reflex arc, a receptor detects the stimulus, a sensory neuron carries the impulse to the CNS, a motor neuron carries the response to an effector.
🖼️ Diagram to Draw
Use a labelled textbook-style diagram with arrows, direction of travel and key parts.
💡 Worked/Applied Example
A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response. In a reflex arc, a receptor detects the stimulus, a sensory neuron carries the impulse to the CNS, a motor neuron carries the response to an effector.
⚠️ Common Errors
Do not treat every response as a reflex. Voluntary actions involve conscious control, while reflexes are rapid protective responses.
🧠 Concept-Based MCQs
- The basic unit of the nervous system is the: A) nephron B) neuron C) alveolus D) villus
- A reflex action is mainly: A) slow and planned B) rapid and automatic C) always hormonal D) unrelated to stimuli
- Auxin is associated with: A) plant growth responses B) blood clotting C) digestion D) hearing
- Insulin helps regulate: A) body temperature B) blood glucose C) vision D) breathing
Answer Key: 1-B, 2-B, 3-A, 4-B.
📊 Case-Based / Competency
A student touches a hot object and withdraws the hand. Trace the pathway from stimulus to response and explain why the action is rapid.
- Identify the scientific concept involved.
- Draw/interpret the required diagram or model.
- Apply the principle step by step.
- Explain and verify the conclusion.
🔎 Extension Case
A person steps on a sharp object. Students identify the receptor, sensory pathway, CNS, motor pathway and effector, then explain the survival advantage of the response.
🧪 Activity / Observation Corner
Design a safe classroom observation related to this chapter. Record the materials, procedure, observation and inference. Where a practical activity is not suitable, use a labelled diagram or simulation-based observation instead.
🔥 HOTS & Board Challenge
- Explain why the phenomenon occurs rather than only naming it.
- Predict what changes if one variable is altered.
- Find and correct a plausible incorrect explanation.
- Connect the concept with a real-life application.
✍️ Exam Practice
- Define the central concept with an example.
- Answer a diagram-based question.
- Solve a multi-step competency problem.
- Explain an application or experiment.
- Write a complete 5-mark answer with scientific reasoning.
📄 Practice Worksheet
- 5 concept checks
- 5 application questions
- 3 diagram-based questions
- 2 case-based questions
- 2 HOTS questions
- 1 board-style challenge
🎯 One-Minute Revision
stimulus → receptor → coordination centre → effector → response | plants: stimulus → hormone/growth response | animals: nervous + hormonal coordination
🏆 Mastery Checklist
- ☐ I can explain the concept scientifically.
- ☐ I can draw and label the key diagram.
- ☐ I can apply the concept to a new situation.
- ☐ I can answer competency/case-based questions.
- ☐ I can justify my conclusion.
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Original explanatory study material aligned to the current NCERT/CBSE framework; textbook passages are not reproduced verbatim.