TEACHGYAN.COM · CLASS 10 SCIENCE
Chapter 13: Our Environment
Learning outcomes: Build a clear understanding of the chapter, apply key principles to real situations and prepare for competency-based questions.
Read the concepts, make a one-page summary, practise diagrams or calculations, and then attempt the questions at the end without looking at the notes.
1. Ecosystem and its components
An ecosystem is a functional unit in which organisms interact with each other and with non-living surroundings. Biotic components include producers, consumers and decomposers. Abiotic components include air, water, soil, sunlight and temperature. Forests, grasslands, ponds and oceans are examples.
2. Food chains and trophic levels
A food chain shows transfer of food and energy: grass → grasshopper → frog → snake → eagle. Producers form the first trophic level; herbivores the second; primary carnivores the third. Food webs connect multiple food chains. Arrows show the direction in which energy moves—from the organism eaten to the consumer.
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